Anaemia is a common condition during pregnancy, affecting around 50% of pregnant women worldwide. It occurs when your body doesn’t have enough red blood cells or enough haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body and to your baby. This can lead to various complications for both you and your baby.

Causes of anaemia in pregnancy:

Iron deficiency: This is the most common cause, as your body needs more iron during pregnancy to support the increased blood volume and supply oxygen to your growing baby. Not getting enough iron in your diet or having difficulty absorbing it can lead to iron deficiency anaemia.

Folate deficiency: Folate (vitamin B9) is another essential nutrient for red blood cell production. A lack of folate can contribute to anaemia during pregnancy.

Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 is also needed for red blood cell production. Deficiency can occur due to dietary restrictions (strict vegetarian or vegan diets) or certain medical conditions.

Other causes: Less common causes include chronic diseases like kidney disease, sickle cell anaemia, or thalassemia, and infections like malaria or HIV.

Symptoms of anaemia in pregnancy:

Management of anaemia in pregnancy:

Management will depend on the cause and severity of your anaemia. Here are some common approaches:

Diet: Focus on eating iron-rich foods like red meat, poultry, fish, dark leafy greens, beans, lentils, nuts, and seeds. Include foods rich in vitamin C, which helps with iron absorption, like citrus fruits, tomatoes, and bell peppers.

Iron supplements: Most pregnant women are advised to take a prenatal vitamin that includes iron, usually 30-60 mg daily. Your doctor may prescribe a higher dose if you have iron deficiency anaemia.

Folate supplements: Most prenatal vitamins also include folic acid, but your doctor may recommend an additional 400 mcg daily, especially if you have a history of folate deficiency.

Vitamin B12 supplements: If you have a vitamin B12 deficiency, you may need injections or sublingual tablets.

Treatment of underlying conditions: If your anaemia is caused by an underlying medical condition, treating that condition is essential to resolve the anaemia.

Preventing anaemia in pregnancy:

·       Start taking a prenatal vitamin with iron and folic acid before you become pregnant.

·       Eat a healthy diet rich in iron, vitamin C, and folate.

·       Get regular blood tests to monitor your iron levels.

·       If you have any risk factors for anaemia, talk to your doctor about preventive measures.

Complications of untreated anaemia in pregnancy: